Từ khoá : paradiplomacy

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A theoretical framework to Vietnam's paradiplomacy making and implementation

A theoretical framework to Vietnam's paradiplomacy making and implementation

A theoretical framework to Vietnam's paradiplomacy making and implementation

Abstract: Paradiplomacy, or subnational diplomacy, has become an increasingly significant dimension of international relations in the context of globalization and decentralization. In Vietnam, local diplomacy plays a vital role in the realization of the country’s foreign policy objectives, particularly in linking security, development, and international position. This article develops a theoretical framework for understanding how Vietnam formulates and implements paradiplomatic policies. It adopts a policy analysis approach based on the “ends–means–ways” and linear model, adapted to the Vietnamese political-administrative context. The framework emphasizes both vertical coordination (top-down guidance from the central level) and horizontal interaction (bottom-up initiatives from provinces and cities), reflecting the hybrid nature of Vietnam’s paradiplomacy as both a delegated and an autonomous practice within the unified foreign policy system.

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